Bahoneza – Kinyarwanda, Rwanda Welfare, Social Welfare, Rwanda People, Nutrition and Diet, Rwanda Habitat, Living in Kigali

Bamwe mubaturage bo muduce two mu mijyi ya kabaya na Ngororero ahatuye abantu benshi bangirizwa n’amazi aturuka kumazu, barasaba ko hajyaho itegeko rihana umuntu wese udafata amazi aturuka kunzu ze kuko abangiriza.
Bamwe mubatuye mu midugudu bakomeje kwinubira ukuntu amazi aturuka kumazu y’abaturanyi abasenyera akanatwara ubutaka kandi bubaka bahawe uburenganzira n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere.
Uwamahoro Vincent utuye mu murenge wa kabaya avuga ko inzu ye yangizwa n’amazi aturuka kubaturanyi mugihe cy’imvura bikamusaba gusana uko imyaka itashye kandi banyiri amazu bakagombye gufata amazi yabo. Icyo kibazo agihuriyeho n’abandi batuye mijyi ya Kabaya na Ngororero.

Kabagema Roger, umukozi w’akarere ushinzwe ubutaka yadutangarije ko icyo kibazo kizwi kandi ko mbere yo gutanga ibyangombwa kubashaka kubaka banagirwa inama yo gufata amazi yo kunyubako zabo ariko ntibabikurikize.
Kabagema akomeza avuga ko mu mategeko agenga imyubakire nta ngingo irebana no gufata amazi yashyizwe mo bityo abashinzwe imyubakire bakabura aho bahera bakurikirana abadafata amazi yabo akangiriza abaturanyi babo n’ibidukikije muri rusange.

Kimwe n’abaturage bavuga ko abaturanyi babo babangiriza, Kabagema asanga hagiyeyo itegeko rirebana no gufata amazi rikanateganya ibihano kubatabyubahirije byafasha mugukemura icyo kibazo cyane cyane mu karere ka Ngororero nubundi gasanzwe kagizwe n’imisozi ihanamye.

Nubwo uturere tw’u Rwanda dusabwa guca burundu ikoreshwa ry’amabati azwi ku izina rya asibesitosi fiburosima (Asbestos fibrocement) mu karere ka Ngororero hagaragara inyubako zisakaje ayo mabati cyane cyane kunyubako za cyera ahanini usanga ari iz’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta.

Mu gihe hamwe na hamwe muturere iyo gahunda yatangiye, mu karere ka Ngororero ho ntiratangira gushyirwa mubikorwa kuko nta nzu nimwe yo muri ako karere yari yakurwaho ayo mabati.

Bimenyimana Remy, umukozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita kubidukikije (REMA) mu karere ka Ngororero akaba ari nawe ushinzwe guca ayo mabati muri gahunda z’akarere avuga ko kuba iyo gahunda itaratangira byatewe n’imyiteguro itararangira.

Zimwe munyubako z’akarere zisakaje fibrociment

Kimwe mubigomba kubanza gukorwa ni ugushaka ahantu habugenewe kandi hadateye ingaruka hazajya hatabwa ayo mabati. Kuri ubu ngo rwiyemezamirimo watsindiye isoko ryo gutunganya aho hantu akaba yaratangiye imirimo mu murenge wa Hindiro.

Kuba hari abafite inyubako zisakaje ayo mabati bavuga ko ibiciro bahawe byo gukuraho ayo mabati bihenze Bimenyimana yemeza ko icyo kibazo bakizi ariko ko ntacyo bagikoraho. Gusa ngo bazegera abafite isoko ryo gusakambura ayo mabati bakwiye kwegera banyiri amazu maze bakabasobanurira uko ibyi biciro bibarwa byashoboka bakagabanyirizwa ibiciro.

Icyakora, nubwo tumwe muturere tw’u Rwanda twashyize icibwa ry’ayo mabati mumihigo yatwo y’uyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari dusoza, akarere ka Ngororero ko gateganya kwihutusha icyo gikorwa mumwaka utaha bitewe n’amikoro, dore ko n’amwe mumazu ibiro by’akarere bikorera mo asakaje ayo mabati.

Haracyari ikibazo cy’ubushobozi ku gukuraho amabati ya Asibesitosi

Mu gihe amabati ya Fibrociment cyangwa se Asibestos atera ingaruka nyinshi ku mubiri  w’umuntu bitewe n’ububi bwayo, mu Rwanda hashyizweho gahunda yo kuyaca,aho agiye ari.

Iki gikorwa kigakorwa n’abagenewe gukora uyu murimo, bafite uburenganzira bahabwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imiturire ndetse n’ibyangombwa  bihagije bibafasha kuyakuraho birinze ingaruka zose yatera.

Mu gihe ukwezi kwa Kamena kwari kwarashyizweho nk’igihe cyo kuba amabati  ya Fibrociment yaciwe mu mu turere aherereyemo mu Rwanda, mu gushaka kumenya aho iki gikorwa kigeze mu karere ka Nyabihu, twaganiriye n’umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ubukungu n’iterambere Mukaminani Angela, atubwira ko hagishakishwa ubushobozi ngo akurweho yose.

Gusa avuga ko hagomba gukorwa ibishoboka byose ubushobozi bukazaboneka iki kibazo kigakemuka vuba. Yongeraho ko hakiri imbogamizi mu kubahiriza igihe cyo mu kwezi kwa Kamena cyatanzwe , kuko benshi bababwira ko ikibazo ari ubushobozi bwo gukuraho aya mabati.

Amabati ya Asibestos akaba yibitsemo uburozi bushobora gutera ingaruka umuntu, kandi indwara atera,ziba mbi cyane zikaba zigaragara bitinze, hagati y’imyaka 20 na 40 nk’uko Sibomana Pacifique,uhagarariye umushinga wo guca aya mabati ku rwego rw’intara y’uburengerazuba yabidutangarije, ubwo yatangaga ikiganiro kuri aya mabati mu bihe bishize mu karere ka Nyabihu.

Mu Rwanda, aya mabati yari yiganje cyane mu Ntara y’amajyepfo aho iza ku mwanya wa mbere n’ijanisha rya 30,5%, umujyi wa Kigali ukaba uwa kabiri na 27,5%, Uburasirazuba ku mwanya wa 3 na 17,5%, uburengerazuba 16,5% naho Amajyaruguru agaheruka na 7,7%.

Mu ntara y’iburengerazuba akarere ka Nyabihu kakaba kaza ku myanya wa mbere mu kugira amabati ya Fibrociment make ugereranije n’utundi turere tugize iyi ntara, aho gafite  zigera ku m²9000.

Aya amabati akaba akunze kuboneka ku nyubako z’ibigo nderabuzima,iza Leta,iz’abihayimana ndetse na zimwe na zimwe mu nyubako z’abaturage. Kugeza ubu ama company cyangwa ibigo 404 n’amagereza 14 bikaba byarahuguriwe gukuraho amabati ya Asibesitosi cyangwa Fibrociment mu buryo bwemewe.

Mu karere ka Rutsiro hagiye guhugurwa abazagira uruhare mu gukuraho isakaro rya fibro ciment ku buryo mu mpera z’uyu mwaka wa 2013 nta nyubako izaba ikigaragaraho bene ayo mategura.

Uyu ni umwe mu myanzuro yafatiwe mu nama yahuje abantu bafite inyubako zisakaje ayo mategura ya fibro ciment, zaba inyubako z’abantu ku giti cyabo, inyubako z’abihaye Imana, inyubako z’amavuriro ndetse n’inyubako za leta.

Bitewe n’uko ba rwiyemezamirimo basanzwe bafite amasosiyete akuraho amategura ya fibrociment baca amafaranga menshi bigatuma na byo byaba imbogamizi, abitabiriye iyo nama biyemeje ko bagiye guhugura abantu basanzwe batuye mu karere ka Rutsiro kugira ngo bo bazabashe gukuraho iryo sakaro neza kandi mu buryo budahenze cyane.

Umukozi ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo mu karere ka Rutsiro, Hakizimana Fulgence , avuga ko amasosiyete asanzwe akuraho bene iryo sakaro yishyuza amafaranga agera ku bihumbi bine kuri m² hakiyongeraho n’ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibyo basakambuye bakabijyana kubishyingura i Gitarama mu karere ka Muhanga. Ariko ngo nibakoresha abaturage basanzwe kandi bihuguriye, ngo bizatwara amafaranga macye kuko bakoze imibare bagasanga bo m² bashobora kuzajya bayisakambura ku mafaranga atarenze ibihumbi bibiri.

Mu yindi myanzuro bemeje ni uko hagomba guhugurwa abantu benshi bashoboka, noneho bakagezwaho n’ibikoresho byose bizifashishwa mu gukuraho iryo sakaro. Ngo barateganya no gushaka ibyobo byo gutabamo iryo sakaro mu bice bya hafi wenda nko mu karere ka Karongi, bityo bikagabanya amafaranga yagombaga kuzaritangwaho yo kuritwara no kurigeza i Muhanga.

Abari muri iyo nama basabye ko ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere imiturire (Rwanda Housing Authority) cyabatera inkunga irimo amahugurwa, ibikoresho ndetse n’ibyobo. Icyakora abakozi b’icyo kigo babwiye ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Rutsiro ndetse n’abantu batandukanye bafite inyubako zisakaje fibrociment ko bagomba kubigira ibyabo, bakishakamo ubushobozi bwo kubikora bitabaye ngombwa ko bategereza indi nkunga izava ahandi.

Icyakora icyo kigo cyemeye guhugura ku buntu abo bantu bazagira uruhare mu gukuraho isakaro rya fibro ciment ariko bakishakira itike n’ibindi bya ngombwa.

Biteganyijwe ko abazakuraho iryo sakaro bagomba kuba bahuguwe bitarenze ukwezi kwa kane muri uyu mwaka, nyuma yaho bagahita batangira igikorwa cyo gukuraho iryo sakaro.

Buri kigo gifite inyubako zisakaje fibrociment ngo kizajya cyohereza umuntu umwe muri ayo mahugurwa.

Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’abanyakanada cyitwa “ExperiCo International” cyerekanye ko isakaro rya fibrocement rishobora gutera kanseri.

Itangazo ryo gukuraho fibro ciment ryasohotse muri Kamena 2012, rigezwa mu turere twose tw’Igihugu. Gahunda ya leta ikaba iteganya ko isakaro rya fibrocement rigomba kuba ryakuwe ku mazu yose yo mu gihugu bitarenze uyu mwaka wa 2013.

The 1994 genocide against Tutsis vulnerable survivors in Bugesera district decry lack of accommodation and they want the district administration to step in and help them get accommodation before the problem gets worse.

Louis Rwagaju the mayor of Bugesera district

This was discussed during the general assembly of Ibuka in Bugesera district that convened in Nyamata sector on the 3^rd.Jan.2013 when the coordinators of Ibuka in all sectors of Bugesera district presented the big problems affecting genocide survivors who are poor.

One of the big problems that are affecting the genocide survivors is lack of accommodation where some have none, others are in semi built houses and others got destroyed as John Rwikangura the coordinator of Ibuka in Bugesera district explained.

“in 2012, about 96 houses were built which were worth Rwf300 million and in 2013, about 70 houses will be built which will be worth Rwf270million and 54 houses will be remaining to be built plus 476 houses that need to renovated for the problem of accommodation among the needy genocide survivors to be completely solved.

As well as Ibuka, the Bugesera district administration is also concerned by this problem of lack of accommodation for the needy genocide survivors. The district has a plan of building accommodations for these genocide survivors through the district’s economic budget for the economic year 2012/2013 and this is already under the process though local people will participate through community work as Louis Rwagaju the mayor explained.

“In this year 2013, people with no accommodation will get where to stay in the 70 houses under construction, this will move along renovation of the destroyed houses and this is going to be done sooner” the mayor explained.

In this meeting, the problem of genocide survivors who were put in the class of people who are capable of supporting themselves according to Ubudehe social stratification was also discussed. These people were initially supported in FARG in paying for medical insurance need this issue to be reviewed as it is becoming difficult for them to pay for medical insurances.

The mayor advised people with this problem to talk to the committees of justice in the sectors to address their problems.

Quelques habitants du secteur de Mushishiro, district de Muhanga, affirme que même si les autorités et la politique de l’Etat préconisent à ce qu’ils vivent dans des villages regroupés, les difficultés sont nombreuses du fait que ces parcelles sont chères dépassant leur pouvoir d’achat.

Plus de la moitié des habitants du district de Muhanga, qui habitent surtout dans la ville de Muhanga et ses environs ne sont pas autorisés légalement d’y vivre selon les normes d’habitat. Ainsi les autorités de ce district déclarent que 56% des habitations ne sont aux normes. Ce district est l’une des régions qui se caractérisent par une haute altitude faisant apparaitre un habitat isolé.

C’est dans ce sens que l’Etat rwandais sensibilise la population de se regrouper dans des villages regroupes communément appelés « Imidugudu ». Car l’habitat montagneux et isole présente des risques lors des éboulements de terrain. Par contre une partie des habitants n’y voit pas de cet avis car ils déclarent que vivre dans les villages regroupes est un grand défi.

Joseph Kayijamahe, un vieil homme de 80 ans, soutient que le problème est tellement important que le prix d’une parcelle dans ces villages s’élève à 400 000 fra rwandais : «  Cet argent est impossible à trouver sauf si nous trouvons une autre source d’aides » a-t-il déclaré. D’autres certifient que la destruction de leurs maisons pour ainsi aller vivre dans ces villages sera un autre défi du fait qu’ils n’ont pas les moyens financiers pour se construire des nouvelles maisons. La plupart des personnes vive de l’agriculture et confie que la distance entre leurs champs et leurs maisons sera très grande d’autant plus que l’agriculture est leur pain quotidien.

En ce qui concerne les autorités du district de Muhanga, la maire de ce district Mutakwasuku Yvonne, énonce que les habitants devraient s’entraider lors des travaux communautaires ou autres manifestations collectives, tout en acceptant de vivre dans les villages regroupés. Elle confirme que des sensibilisations sont en cours pour dissuader ces habitants de vivre dans ces villages où ils bénéficieront des infrastructures développement comme l’adduction à l’eau potable, l’électricité, les hôpitaux, les écoles, et autres. Pour le problème de la cherté des parcelles, la maire, affirme que l’Etat a mis en œuvre des facilités pour que les gens puissent acquérir ces parcelles sans trop de difficultés par exemple en leur octroyant des prêts proportionnellement à leurs terrains d’habitation.

Bamwe mu baturage bo mu murenge wa Mushishiro mu karere ka Muhanga, batangaza ko n’ubwo ubuyobozi na politiki ya leta bibasaba gutura mu midugudu bo ngo hari aho bibagora cyane kuko akenshi usanga ibibanza byo guturamo ku midugudu birenze ubushobozi bwabo.

Abaturage batari bake mu karere ka Muhanga baba abo mu mujyi ndetse no mu byaro batuye ku buryo magingo aya butemewe n’amategeko. Ubuyobozi bw’aka karere bwerekana ko abaturage bo muri aka karere kose bagera  kuri 56% batuye nabi naho abatuye neza bakaba ari 44%.

Akarere ka Muhanga ni kamwe mu turere turangwamo imisozi ihanitse myinshi kandi ugasanga abaturage batari bake batuye kuri iyo misozi ihanamye ari nako bagiye batuye intatane.

Leta y’u Rwanda yo ikomeje gushishikariza abaturage batuye kuri ubu buryo kujya mu midugudu kuko hari abo byagaragaye ko iyi miturire igenda igiraho ingaruka nko guhura n’impanuka z’inkangu n’ibindi.

Nyamara bamwe mu baturage bagituye kuri ubu buryo usanga bavuga ko kujya ku midugudu ari ikibazo gikomeye.

Umusaza w’imyaka hafi 80 witwa Yozefu Kayijamahe avuga ko ikibazo kibakomereye ari ikibazo cy’uburyo ibibanza by’ahubatse imidugudu bihenze kuko ikibanza kimwe nibura kigura amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi Magana ane (400 000). Ati: “aya mafaranga ni igitero cyayo kereka nitubona ubundi bufasha bwisumbuye”.

Umugore uzwi ku izina rya Nyinawumuntu we avuga ko kongera gusenya inzu babamo bakajya kubaka ku mudugudu byamugora, ati: “Nanjye sinishimiye gutura ukwange kandi no mu bisozi bihanamye ariko se ugirango ubushobozi bwo kongera kubaka bundi bushya bwo si ikibazo!”

Benshi muri aba  baturage batunzwe n’ubuhinzi. Hari abavuga ko kujya ku midugudu ari ukujya kure y’amasambu yabo kandi ariyo abatunze.

Ku ruhande rw’ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Muhanga, umuyobozi wako Mayor Yvonne Mutakwasuku avuga ko abaturage bakwiye gufashanya, binyuze mu muganda n’ahandi ariko bagenzi babo bakajya ku midugudu.

Avuga kandi ko kuri ubu batangiye ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza abaturage bose badatuye mu midugudu gushaka uko bahatura kuko ari ho bashobora kugezwaho ibikorwa remezo, birimo kwegerezwa amazi, amashanyarazi, amavuriro, amashuri n’ibindi ku buryo bworoshye.

Ku kibazo cy’ihenda ry’ibibanza Mayor Mutakwasuku avuga ko hari uburyo bunyuranye Leta yashyizeho bwo kugira ngo buri muturage abashe kubona ikibanza bimworoheye. Aha avuga ko abaturage bashobora koroherezanya bakagurana ibibanza ariko ngo hagomba kubahirizwa itegeko umuturage akabona ingurane ihwanye n’ubutaka bwe.

Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri abari batuye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati bimuwe bagatuzwa mu kagari ka Busigari, umurenge wa Cyanzarwe, akarere ka Rubavu mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba, baratangaza ko batishimiye ubuzima babayemo.

Nk’uko Basabose Karera umusaza w’abana 17 yadutangarije, ngo baje ku gahato bizera ko aho babimuriye hazaba ari heza kandi ko ubuzima bwabo butazahinduka cyane. Ariko ngo akihabona yahise abona atazahamenyera.

Yagize ati “aha hantu ni mu makoro gusa, nta hantu na hamwe wabona ukubita isuka, ikindi kandi hitaruye kure utundi tugari, mbese ni mu bwigunge gusa!”

Basabose yakomeje avuga ko mu ishyamba yari afite imirima agahinga akagaburira abana be, yarangiza agasagurira isoko, none yagabanyijwe hegitari imwe n’abantu bane. Ubwo ngo yezaga ibirayi ubu ni we usigaye abihaha kandi ku mafaranga menshi.

Undi muturage na we yunzemo ko amashuri y’abana mu mwaka wa gatanu na gatandatu y’ibanze bitoroshye kuyishyura, ndetse ko n’ibigo nderabuzima biba kure, ngo bakora isaha y’urugendo rw’amaguru kugirango bahagere.

Yakomeje adutangariza ko nta bushobozi bafite bwo gucuruza duke basoroma mu mirima yabo mu gihugu bahana imbibi cya Kongo kuko indangamuntu bafite atari izo mu karere ka Rubavu kandi urwandiko rubemerera gutambuka (laisser passer) ruhenda.

Aka kagari nta mashanyarazi kagira kandi umuhanda uhajya ntutunganye nk’uko Etienne Nsabimana, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umurenge wa Cyanzarwe abihamya.

Nsabimana yagize ati “Umugore utwite bimusaba nibura iminsi ine mbere y’uko agera ku bitaro kugirango abyazwe.”

Nyamara ariko ngo hari byinshi byahindutse nk’uko Nsabimana yakomeje abitangaza. Yasobanuye ko abo baturage bakigera muri Cyanzarwe habaye ikibazo cyo guhindura imyumvire yabo, cyane cyane ku birebana n’isuku no kubingingira kwisungana muri koperative.

Yagize ati “Nibura ubu tubasha kuvugana neza kuko batuye mu midugudu, n’ubwo ibibazo bikiri byinshi ariko turizera ko gahoro gahoro bizakemuka.”

Yvette Mundorere na we avuga ko hari byinshi byiza bagezeho nyuma yo kuva mu ishyamba.

Yvette yagize ati “kera abagore ntitwakarabaga twabaga twambaye lumbiya, none reba uko nsa, ndakaraba ngacya, namenye kuringaniza imbyaro, turakeye!”

Kugeza ubu akagari ka Busigari kubatswemo inzu 303 zirimo imiryango nibura abantu batandatu kuri umwe. Icyiciro cya mbere cy’abaturage bari batuye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati cyahatujwe muri Mata 2009 icya kabiri cyaje muri Mata 2010 bakaba nabo bari kubakirwa amazu mashya.